Most people know dentists from the patient's chair. You sit down, open wide, and answer questions you cannot really answer with your mouth open. From that seat, it is hard to see everything a dentist does in a day.
If you are thinking about a career in dentistry, it helps to see the full picture. So, what do dentists do? In this guide, you will learn about their work, from patient care to running a practice. You will see where dentists work, how they lead a dental team, and what a typical day can look like. You will also learn simple ways to observe this work yourself before you apply to dental school.
What do dentists do? Core responsibilities
Dentists diagnose and treat problems with the teeth, gums, and mouth. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, dentists typically:
- Remove decay from teeth and fill cavities
- Repair or remove damaged teeth
- Place sealants or whitening agents on teeth
- Give anesthetics to keep patients comfortable during procedures
- Prescribe antibiotics or other medications
- Examine x-rays of the teeth, gums, and jaw to diagnose problems
- Make models and measurements for appliances such as dentures
- Teach patients about diet, flossing, fluoride, and other parts of dental care
That last point is easy to overlook. Prevention and education are a big part of the job. Many conversations in the chair focus on habits that keep problems from coming back.
For a closer look at specific treatments, read our overview of the most common dental procedures.
Where dentists work and how the team operates
Most dentists work in dental offices. BLS reports that 78 percent work in offices of dentists and 12 percent are self-employed. Others work in government roles, outpatient care centers, or physicians' offices. Some own a practice, some share one with partners, and others work as associate dentists.
Dentists rarely work alone. A typical team includes:
- Dental hygienists, who clean teeth, screen for disease, and teach home care
- Dental assistants, who prepare patients, sterilize instruments, and support the dentist during procedures
- Front office staff, who handle scheduling, records, and insurance
The dentist leads that team and makes treatment decisions. Our article on mobile dental clinic work shows how dental teams adapt to community settings.
A typical day for a general dentist
Schedules vary, but a day often looks like this:
- Morning huddle: The team reviews the day's patients and plans for complex cases.
- Exams and checkups: The dentist reviews x-rays and the hygienist's findings, then talks with each patient.
- Procedures: Fillings, crowns, extractions, or other treatments fill much of the schedule.
- Emergencies: Patients with sudden pain may need a same-day visit.
- Planning and paperwork: Between patients, the dentist writes notes, plans treatment, and may consult specialists.
BLS notes that schedules vary, and some dentists work evenings or weekends to fit patients' needs.
Specialists and other career paths
Some dentists train further in a specialty. BLS lists specialists such as orthodontists, pediatric dentists, endodontists, periodontists, and oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Others work in dental public health, research, or teaching.
How to see dental work up close
Reading about dentistry helps. Watching it in person helps even more. These steps can give you a clear view of the job:
- Shadow a general dentist. Observe a full day if you can, including the quieter moments.
- Shadow a specialist. Compare how the work and pace differ.
- Volunteer at a community clinic or health fair. See how dental teams serve different patients.
- Ask questions. Learn what each professional enjoys most and finds hardest.
A dental service learning trip is another way to see dentists at work. On Smiles Movement trips, students shadow local dental professionals at mobile clinics and help with oral health education for children in partner communities. To learn what to expect, read about your first dental volunteer trip.
See a dentist's day for yourself
The best way to understand what dentists do is to watch dental teams in action. If you want to learn alongside dental professionals and partner communities, Smiles Movement can help. Fill out the form or download our brochure to get more information about upcoming programs and trip dates.
Frequently asked questions about what dentists do
What do dentists do on a daily basis?
Dentists examine patients, read x-rays, diagnose problems, and treat issues such as cavities and damaged teeth. They also teach patients how to prevent future problems and lead the dental team.
Do dentists only work on teeth?
No. Dentists care for the teeth, gums, and mouth. They also look for signs of other health problems that can show up in the mouth.
How much do dentists make?
BLS reports a median annual wage of $176,110 for dentists in May 2025. Pay varies by location, specialty, and practice setting.